aa69助孕谁做过_三代试管的费用_1Ai15_0576Y_瑞白上午打还是下午打好?_22420_Wp05

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【代妈佣金是多少】

上午或者是下午都可以打瑞白,可以在医生的建议根据自己的实际情况确定打针时间,因为打完瑞白后常见的副作用有发烧,浑身无力,以及骨痛等,所以为了减少瑞白副作用对日常生活的影响可以选择在晚上打。瑞白有一定的保胎作用,在试管婴儿移植后,适当使用瑞白可以促进胚胎着床,提高试管婴儿成功率。

瑞白有两种注射方式,皮下注射或者是静脉注射,注射时间可以根据自己的身体情况来选择,无论是上午、下午还是晚上都行,需要注意的就是打瑞白一定要在医生的指导下进行,不能随便使用,下面可以了解一下打瑞白的时间、方式以及注意事项:

1.打瑞白常见的副作用有肌肉酸痛,骨痛、腰痛、胸痛等,少见的还会出现食欲不振或肝脏异常的情况,所以为了防止瑞白的副作用对如上生活的影响,可以在下午或者晚上打;

2.瑞白可以选择皮下注射或者是静脉注射,皮下注射通常选择上臂区域或者肚皮进行相关注射;

3.注射时请核对药品名称,有瑞白和新瑞白,两者有区别,不能混淆,非必要情况不要私自注射。

很多备孕女性都有这样一个困惑,因为多次流产或其他原因,自己的子宫内膜一直达不到标准厚度,所以导致了迟迟不能怀孕。就算做试管婴儿,也要求子宫内膜需要达到8-12mm的厚度,才能进行胚胎移植手术。如果内膜达不到一定的厚度,是非常不利于胚胎着床和发育的。

其实,子宫内膜的厚度也不是一直不变的,通常会随着女性的月经周期而变化,而且还会随着年龄的变化而变化。一般而言,做试管婴儿为了提高胚胎的着床率,胚胎移植前对于女性子宫内膜的要求会高于自然怀孕,为什么会对子宫内膜要求这么高呢?我们先来看一组数据。

不同厚度的内膜,胚胎移植的成功率:

厚度在5-5.9mm之间,临床妊娠率在25.8%,活产率在18.1%;

厚度在6-6.9mm之间,临床妊娠率在33.7%,活产率在24.6%;

厚度在7-7.9mm之间,临床妊娠率在34.6%,活产率在25.5%;

厚度≥8mm时,临床妊娠率在43.2%,活产率在33.7%;

另外,子宫内膜厚度也不能太厚,已有多个研究表明,内膜厚度>15mm时,胚胎移植成功率也会显著降低。

经过大量的案例表明,女性子宫内膜厚度在8-12mm之间,胚胎移植的成功率最高。

很多女性由于各种原因出现内膜过薄或过厚的情况,虽然说内膜低于8mm不一定不能怀孕,但是着床的几率会比较小,可能会出现着床不稳定、流产或者胎停育等现象。所以为了增加成功率,在胚胎移植前调理内膜厚度是很有必要的。绿桥有丰富的试管婴儿经验,帮助过很多患者成功怀上宝宝。下面就来分享一下调整子宫内膜的一些方法,让你提高试管婴儿的成功率!

有哪些办法可以改善内膜厚度

如果内膜过厚,做试管婴儿前需要进行诊刮处理;

如果内膜过薄,可以采取以下办法来改善内膜:

1.药物治疗:根据医生的指导,可以通过一些药物来促进内膜生长。不过这些药物针对的病症不同,需要在医生的指导下使用,不可自己私下随便乱用。

2.宫腔灌注:向宫腔内灌注某些药物以达到刺激子宫内膜,增加子宫内膜血流,改善子宫内膜容受性的一种方法。

3.子宫内膜微刺激术:临床研究发现子宫内膜受机械刺激后可促进子宫内膜血管相关因子的表达,诱导其自身修复、改善子宫内膜容受性,从而提高胚胎着床率。子宫内膜微刺激术主要包括子宫内膜活检及刮匙搔刮。

4.内膜贴:内膜贴又称为雌二醇贴片,主要是用来增厚内膜。使用方法比较简单便捷,对身体没有伤害。

总的来讲,做试管婴儿胚胎移植前,是要检查好子宫内膜,如果达不到标准,提前也要调理好的。有更多试管问题记得问绿桥哦,出现内膜厚度不达标的情况,应积极配合医生,进行针对性调理。

如果有一天,你可以选择生育一个小“爱因斯坦”,也可以生育一个智商普通的孩子,你会做出什么样的选择?据科学家预计,未来10年内,人类将可以使用试管婴儿技术选择“最聪明”的胚胎。

Genetics research, conceptual artwork. CHINA DAILY

Couples undergoing IVF treatment could be given the option to pick the “smartest” embryo within the next 10 years, a leading US scientist has predicted.

据美国一名权威科学家预计,未来10年之内,做试管婴儿的夫妇将能够选择“最聪明”的胚胎。

IVF:in vitro fertilization 体外受精联合胚胎移植技术,又称“试管婴儿”

Stephen Hsu, senior vice president for research at Michigan State University, said scientific advances mean it will soon be feasible to reliably rank embryos according to potential IQ, posing profound ethical questions for society about whether or not the technology should be adopted.

美国密歇根州立大学主管科研的副校长徐道辉(斯蒂芬·徐)说,科学进步意味着人类不久就能够对胚胎的潜在智商给出可靠的评分,这项技术是否应该使用将是一个深刻的社会伦理问题。

Hsu’s company, Genomic Prediction, already offers a test aimed at screening out embryos with abnormally low IQ to couples being treated at fertility clinics in the US.

徐道辉的基因组预测公司已经为在美国不孕不育诊所接受治疗的夫妇提供了一项检测服务,旨在筛查出智商异常低的胚胎。

“Accurate IQ predictors will be possible, if not the next five years, the next 10 years certainly,” Hsu told the Guardian. “I predict certain countries will adopt them.”

徐道辉对《卫报》记者说:“准确的智商预测是可能的,即使不是未来5年内,那么在未来10年内也肯定可以。我预计一些国家会采纳这项技术。”

The prospect of a new generation of genetically selected babies has prompted concerns about unintended medical consequences and the potential for deepening existing social inequalities. The science underpinning the claim that intelligence can be meaningfully predicted by genetic tests is also contentious.

新一代基因选择婴儿的前景引发了人们对于意外医疗后果和现有社会不平等可能加剧的担忧。基因检测能够有效预测智商的科学技术也引发了争议。

contentious [kn'tens]:adj.有异议的,引起争论的

Peter Donnelly, a professor of statistical science at the University of Oxford, said any such IQ predictions should be treated with “huge caution”, adding: “I have grave misgivings about it on ethical grounds. I think it’s a really bad idea.”

牛津大学统计学教授彼得·唐纳利说,应该“十分谨慎”地对待此类智商预测。他说:“出于伦理原因,我对此非常担忧。我认为这是一个非常糟糕的想法。”

Since the 1990s, couples undergoing IVF have been able to screen their embryos for mutations in single genes that cause serious diseases such as cystic fibrosis, as well as conditions like Down’s syndrome, caused by chromosome abnormalities.

自上世纪90年代以来,接受试管受精的夫妇已经能够对他们的胚胎进行筛选,以发现单个基因的突变,这些突变会导致严重的疾病,比如囊性纤维化,以及染色体异常导致的唐氏综合征等。

chromosome ['krmsm]:n.染色体

Many other traits, including height, physical appearance, intelligence and disease susceptibility, are known to be partly heritable. But because the genetic component is spread thinly over hundreds or even thousands of DNA regions, it has previously been impossible to screen for these traits.

许多其他特征,包括身高、外貌、智力和疾病易感性,都被认为是部分遗传的。但由于遗传组分稀疏地分散在数百甚至数千个DNA区域,以前不可能对这些特征进行筛选。

In the past decade, as vast genetic databases have been established, this picture has changed. Through analyzing many genes, each making a tiny contribution, it has been possible to calculate what are called polygenic risk scores, which give a person’s likelihood of getting a particular disease or having a certain trait.

在过去的十年里,随着大量基因数据库的建立,这种情况已经发生了改变。通过分析大量基因,每个基因都做出了微小的贡献,就有可能计算出所谓的多基因风险评分,即一个人患某种特定疾病或具有某种特征的可能性。

polygenic[,pli'denik]:adj.多基因的

Genomic Prediction is the first company to take embryo screening into this grey area of risk forecasting, offering to alert couples if an embryo has an “outlier” score for risk of cancers, diabetes, heart disease, dwarfism or low IQ.

基因组预测公司是第一家将胚胎筛查纳入风险预测这一灰色地带的公司。如果胚胎在癌症、糖尿病、心脏病、侏儒症或智商低下等风险方面的评分“异常”,它就会提醒做筛查的夫妇。

人工代怀一般多少钱

outlier ['atla]:n.(统计)异常值

Medical staff put clothes on the newborn test-tube baby at a hospital in Xi'an, Northwest China's Shaanxi province. [Photo/Xinhua]

Prediction for IQ is not good enough to give a reliable ranking, but Hsu said that knowing an embryo has a low score could still be desirable.

智商预测目前还不足以给出可靠的评分,但徐道辉表示,如果一个胚胎的智商评分较低,人们可能还是很想知道。

“Maybe the bottom 1% embryo will grow up to be a great person … even be a scientist, but the odds are against it,” he said. “I honestly feel if we can calculate that score and find a real negative outlier there’s an ethical responsibility for us to report that.”

徐道辉说:“也许评分最低的1%的胚胎长大后会成为一个优秀的人……甚至成为一名科学家,但这种可能性很小。我真的觉得,如果我们能计算出这个评分,发现它低得十分异常,那么我们就有道德责任予以告知。”

The company projects that once high-quality genetic and academic achievement data from a million individuals becomes available, expected to be within five to 10 years, it will be able to predict IQ to within about 10 points.

该公司预计,在5至10年内,一旦100万人的高质量基因和学术成就数据可用,它将能够预测智商,误差在10分以内。

Hsu is reticent about whether screening for high intelligence would be ethically justified, saying: “Let me just decline to answer that at the moment.”

徐道辉不愿评论高智商筛查是否符合伦理标准,说“目前我拒绝回答这个问题”。

reticent ['rets()nt]:adj.沉默的;有保留的

In some countries, such as Singapore, there is likely to be a high level of public acceptance and demand for such tests, he suggested. “I think the overwhelming majority would say yes, absolutely, parents should be allowed to do that,” he said. “Before you write your piece, you might just want to think that a billion people on the other side of the world might have a different view.”

徐道辉说,在一些国家,比如新加坡,公众对此类检测的接受度和需求可能会很高。他说:“我认为绝大多数人肯定会赞成允许父母这样做。在你写这篇报道之前,也许应该想想地球另外一端的10亿人可能有不同的看法。”

Whether such tests will become available in the UK would depend on approval from the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority (HFEA).

这种检测方法能否在英国实施将取决于英国人工授精与胚胎学管理局的批准。

“If the HFEA decides that it’s not right for the UK, I will respect that,” Hsu said, but predicted that “rich people from the UK will fly to Singapore” if they are unable to get the tests locally.

他说:“如果英国人工授精与胚胎学管理局认为这对英国不合适,我会尊重这个决定。”但他预测,如果英国富人无法在当地进行这项检测,“他们会飞到新加坡去做的。”

Some in the UK take the view that prospective parents have a right to access such tests. “I don’t think people should be deprived of that knowledge,” said Prof Simon Fishel, the founder of Care Fertility.

在英国,一些人认为未来的父母有权进行此类检测。生育关怀组织的创始人西蒙费舍尔教授说:“我认为不应该剥夺人们的这种知情权。”

Fishel questioned whether there is any ethical difference between picking an embryo ranked highest for IQ or sending a child to a private school. “What’s wrong with ranking an embryo if you can rank a child?” he said. “I think there are plenty of people who’d choose embryo Oxford [rather] than embryo A-level failure.”

费舍尔质疑挑选智商最高的胚胎和送孩子去私立学校之间是否存在伦理上的差异。“如果你能给孩子评分,那给胚胎评分又有什么错呢?”他说。“我认为有很多人会选择未来能考取牛津的胚胎而不是无法通过英国中学高级水平考试的胚胎。”

In practice, though, couples often have only a few embryos to choose from. And there are concerns about unintended consequences. For instance, there is some evidence linking higher polygenic scores for academic ability to higher likelihood of autism.

但实际上,夫妇们通常只有几个胚胎可供选择。此外,人们还担心会出现意想不到的后果。例如,有证据表明,学术能力的多基因得分越高,患自闭症的可能性就越大。

The technology is controversial, but that does not mean it will not gain acceptance in the future, Hsu said, drawing parallels with the reaction to IVF in its early days.

徐道辉说,这项技术存在争议,但这并不意味着它在未来不会被接受,这与早期人们对体外受精的反应类似。

“The IVF pioneers … were called monsters, Frankenstein doctors; it was predicted that these babies would have health problems,” he said. “I am actually reassured by that. IVF is completely normalized now. Everyone who is pointing their finger at [Genomic Prediction] now should go back and read those articles.”

他说:“试管婴儿的先驱被称为怪物,弗兰肯斯坦医生。当时人们预测这些婴儿会有健康问题。实际上,我对此很放心。试管受精现在已经完全正常化。现在,所有指责(基因组预测)的人都应该回去读读那些文章。”

来源:卫报、参考消息网

翻译编辑:yaning

来源:中国日报网

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